Exercise: Functional Location 2

Display the functional location 01-B02.

• What is the name of the maintenance plant?

• To which cost center is the functional location assigned?

• Who is the person responsible for the cost center?

• What is the main work center called?

Exercise: Technical Objects: Functional Location

At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:

•  Display the structure of functional locations

•  Explain how a structure indicator is configured

In order to represent the systems and buildings, you must first consider how to configure the structure and the degree of detail required.

At IDES, the workshops and technical systems should be represented using a hierarchy of functional locations which is defined using a structure indicator.

Displaying the Structure of a Functional Location
Case 1:
Display the structure for clarification plant 01.
Which functional locations are used for the valves in the pump station for biological cleaning?

Exercise: Organization of Plant Maintenance

Exercise 1 
Unit: Organization of Plant Maintenance
Topic: Organizational Structures in Plant Maintenance

At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:

•  Describe the content of the work center master record

•  List the organizational structures in Plant Maintenance

At IDES (a company name), it must be clarified when PM is implemented which organizational structures in Plant Maintenance should be represented, and how they should be included in the existing structures for Logistics.

Let's Exercise!

If you have access to SAP IDES, you can start practice by follow the cases from this lessons.
SAP IDES – the "Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System" in the R/3 System, represents a model company. It consists of an international group with subsidiaries in several countries. IDES contains application data for various business scenarios that can be run in the SAP System. The business processes in the IDES system are designed to reflect real-life business requirements, and have access to many realistic characteristics. IDES uses easy-to-follow business scenarios to show you the comprehensive functions of the R/3 System. The focal point of IDES, however, is not the functionality itself, but the business processes and their integration.

For all of You who live in Indonesia, you can get IDES access "murah meriah" (very low access fee) from Komputer Teknologi www.komputer-teknologi.net.


Data Used in the PM Courses:

Bills of Material (BOM)

 Bills of Material in the company

Bills of material are used for different purposes. The usage depends on the enterprise area, for example:

• The engineering/design bill of material includes all the elements of the product (from an engineering viewpoint) and contains the technical data. It is usually not dependent on the order.

• The production bill of material includes the items (from a production viewpoint) and assembly conditions. For the assembly, for example, only items relevant to production with process-oriented data are required.

• The costing bill of material reproduces the product structure and forms the basis for automatic determination of the material usage costs for a product. Items that are not relevant for costing are not included in this bill of material.

Instead of a uniform bill of material, these areas use "their own" bill of material with area-specific data (for example, production). They only evaluate bills of material containing area-specific data. This results in a targeted bill of material explosion, whereby only the area-specific data is made available. Data selection is controlled using the definition of the bill of material usage. A determination sequence by bill of material usage is defined in Customizing for selecting the correct bill of material for an application.

Bills of Material in Plant Maintenance

The maintenance bill of material differs from other BOMs in that it only contains items relevant to Plant Maintenance.

The maintenance bill of material has three important functions:

• Structuring of the object : The structure of an object should be displayed as clearly as possible from a maintenance viewpoint.
  

• Spare parts planning in the order: If a bill of material exists for a technical object, it can be used during the planning process of a maintenance order for the purpose of spare parts identification and planning.

• Spare parts planning in the task list: Spare parts can be planned in the task list based on a bill of material.

Three are three categories of maintenance bill of material:

• Material BOM
• Equipment BOM
• Functional location BOM

Bills of Material: Example of Material BOM

Material BOMs are always used in Plant Maintenance if a number of similarly constructed objects have to be maintained. The aim is not to create a bill of material for each technical object, but to create just one bill of material and then assign this to the technical objects. This avoids the use of redundant bills of material.

A material BOM is a bill of material that is first created for a material independently of a technical object. To do this, you must:

• Create a material
• Create a material BOM for the material

The bill of material can then be assigned to one or more technical objects (equipment or functional location). You can make the assignment(s) in the respective technical object master record using the Structure view. The number of the corresponding material is entered in the Construction type field.

Technical Objects in PM: Equipment

Equipment


A piece of equipment is an individual physical object that is to be maintained as an autonomous unit.
 
Pieces of equipment usually represent single objects (for example, pumps, motors, vehicles), for which maintenance tasks should be recorded.

Equipment can be installed at functional locations.

Criteria for Equipment Master Record

You should always create an equipment master record for a technical object if:

• You need to manage individual data for the object

• Breakdown, prepared or preventive maintenance tasks are required for an object and must be recorded

• Technical data for this object must be collected and evaluated over long periods of time

• The costs of maintenance tasks for this object are to be monitored

• You need to record the usage time of this object at functional locations
  

Equipment Master Record

The equipment master record uses the following views in the standard system:

• General: Class, object type, reference data, and manufacturer data.

• Location: Location data, address

• Organization: Account assignment (for example, company code, cost center), responsibilities (for example, maintenance planning plant)

• Structure: For example, structure indicator, higher-level functional location, equipment

Additional data or links in the master record for the equipment can also be activated as tab pages or
called up using pushbuttons.

You can use the time-based data to monitor a piece of equipment dynamically, that is, track changes
to the equipment over a specific period of time. If your system is customized accordingly, it automatically creates a new time segment whenever certain changes are made in the master record. The time segment describes the equipment usage.

Installation/Dismantling of Equipment

• Equipment can be installed and dismantled at functional locations.

• You can monitor the installation times for a piece of equipment from both the functional location view and the equipment view.
  

 

Prerequisites for Equipment Installation

Two prerequisites must be fulfilled for a piece of equipment to be installed at a functional location:

• The equipment category must permit an installation (Customizing).

• The option "Equipment installation allowed" must be activated in the master record for the functional location. You can restrict this option by using the "Individual installation" option.
  

 

 Equipment Usage List (equipment history)

• The installation locations for equipment are documented within a technical system.

• The usage list forms part of the equipment history.

• Equipment usage periods can also be displayed from the functional location view.

  

Equipment in SAP

Technical Objects in PM: Functional Location

In SAP PM technical objects are:

• Functional Location

• Equipment

Functional Location:
Functional locations are hierarchically ordered structures that represent a technical system, building, or part thereof.

You can structure the functional location according to spatial (for example, building 1, building 2), technical (for example, press, press frame, press hydraulics), or functional, that is, process-oriented criteria (for example, polymerization, condensation).

The aim of creating a functional location is to structure a technical system or building into units that are relevant for Plant Maintenance.




Criteria for Functional Locations
You should use functional locations to structure your systems if:

• You want to represent the structures of the technical systems in your company according to functional criteria

• Maintenance tasks have to be performed for individual areas in the structure of your technical system and this work must or should be recorded

• Technical data for certain parts of your technical system has to be stored and evaluated over a long period of time

• The costs of maintenance tasks have to be monitored for certain parts of your technical system

• You want to analyze what effects the usage conditions have on the the likelihood of damage to the installed equipment

Structure Indicator

The identification for functional locations is created using the structure indicator. The structure
indicator consists of two input fields:

• Edit mask

• Hierarchy levels

The edit mask is used to control which characters may be used for identification (letters, numbers, or both) and how these characters are grouped together or split. The hierarchy levels are used to define which level ends at which character and how many hierarchy levels the structure may contain.

A functional location can be identified using a maximum of 40 characters (= maximum length of the edit mask).




Master Record for Functional Location

The master record for the functional location uses the following views:

• General: Class, object type, reference data, and manufacturer data.

• Location: Location data, address

• Organization: Account assignment (for example, company code, cost center), responsibilities (for example, maintenance planning plant)

• Structure: For example, structure indicator, higher-level functional location, equipment

Additional data or links in the master record for the functional location can also be activated as tab pages or called up using pushbuttons (see graphic).




Automatic Assignment Upon Creation

The structure of the functional location is based on the structure indicator.

If you create a new functional location (for example, C1-M01-2), the system checks whether a hierarchy with this structure indicator already exists and whether the new identification is suitable for the existing hierarchy.

If this is the case, when the new functional location is created, it is included in the existing structure.




Example of Functional Location Structure



In SAP PM screen:

Maintenance Work Centers

A work center is an organizational unit within an operational system.
A work center can be one of the following:
- Machine
- Group of machines
- Person
- Group of people


In SAP Plant Maintenance, work centers are used as:
- Main work center in the master record for the equipment or functional location
- Main work center in a maintenance item
- Main work center in the task list header
- Performing work center in the operations for a task list
- Main work center in the order header
- Performing work center in the operations for an order

Work centers belong to the master data in PM and provide the capacity required to perform a task.

Contents of Work center:

The basic data contains general data such as work center category, description, responsibility, and usage.

Work center links provide the connection between work centers and other objects within the SAP System. You can link a work center to the following objects:
- Cost center
- Qualifications
- Staffing positions
- People


Main function of Work center

• Costing: You can use costing to determine the costs of an internal activity by a product unit. The aim of costing is to attribute the costs incurred to the individual cost objects. It uses the work center to link the operation to cost accounting by maintaining cost centers and activity types. If the work center is used in an operation, standard values can be entered for the activity types specified in the work center.

• Scheduling: You can use scheduling to determine the dates when operations should be performed. For this, the time required for the operations must be calculated and compared with the time available in the work center. The standard values and quantities in the operations are used as the basis for this calculation. During scheduling, the start and end dates for the operations are calculated from this data using formulas, which have been entered for scheduling in the work centers.

• Capacity planning: In capacity planning, the capacity requirements for the operations in the orders are determined and compared with the available capacity defined in the work center. During capacity planning, you can use work center hierarchies to aggregate (at higher-level work centers) the available capacity and capacity requirements of lower-level work centers.

Example of Work center capacity screen:

Cross-Plant Maintenance

Maintenance plant = planning plant: In most organizational structures, the maintenance requirement is planned in the same plant where it occurs (plant 1000), the maintenance orders are executed by workshops from the same plant, and the spare parts are stored in the same plant.

Maintenance plant: Maintenance is required at plant 1200, where a technical system must be repaired (= maintenance plant), but all other functions (maintenance planning, order execution, spare parts warehouse) are performed by plant 1000. Alternatively, part (order execution) of the maintenance required is performed at plant 1300, but other functions (order planning, spare parts storage) are performed by other plants.

The latter is cross-plant maintenance.

Organizational Structures in Plant Maintenance

The client is the highest-level element of all the organizational units. It corresponds, for example, to a corporate group with several subsidiaries. Within a client, the system always accesses the same database. The subsidiaries with their own financial statements and balance sheets are defined as company codes. Within Logistics, the plant is one of the most important organizational units. It usually represents a production unit of a company.

The plant, at which the operational systems of a company are installed, is called the maintenance plant. If the maintenance work is planned at this plant, the maintenance plant is also the maintenance planning plant. Locations subdivide a maintenance plant according to locational criteria, for example, site, building, coordinates. A maintenance plant can also be subdivided into plant sections based on responsibility for production. The person responsible for the plant section is the contact person who coordinates production and maintenance (plant engineer).

A maintenance planning plant is the organizational unit in which maintenance requirements are planned. These requirements can either come from your own plant or from another maintenance plant assigned to this maintenance planning plant. The planners within a maintenance planning plant are defined by maintenance planner groups. The units of capacity in Plant Maintenance are managed as maintenance work centers in the PM system. The maintenance work centers are usually assigned to the maintenance planning plant. However, you can also use maintenance work centers from other plants to perform maintenance tasks.

Types of Maintenance

Maintenance of a technical system comprises the following tasks:
- Inspection: To determine the actual condition
- Preventive maintenance: To maintain the target condition
- Repair: To restore the target condition

The maintenance organizations usually perform other technical activities. which do not belong to Plant Maintenance, but should be performed using the same tools of maintenance order planning and processing, for example:

- Modification or construction

- Cleaning

- Revisions

- Tool assembly and erection of fixtures

- Production assistance

- Etc.

SAP Plant Maintenance history

If you are just learn SAP Plant Maintenance or beginner in SAP ERP, I bet you are going to be confused with so many terms of SAP Plant Maintenance module.
Bellows are the history of SAP Plant maintenance from SAP R/3 to the latest name, so don't be confuse.

1. SAP R/3
- Plant Maintenance (PM) module: Maintenance of internal assets
- Customer Service (CS) module: Maintenance of customers' assets

2. SAP Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
SAP solution that takes into account the lifecycle of a product with
the accompanying data, and thus encompasses development, operational
phase, together with shutdown and disposal.

3. Asset Life-Cycle Management (ALM)
Function area of SAP PLM, encompassing Plant Maintenance and Customer
Service. (Now obsolete and replaced by Enterprise Asset Management).

4. SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): SAP solution for
controlling and planning the core areas of a company (accounting,
human resources, logistics, corporate services such as real estate
management, travel management, and strategic enterprise planning).

5. Enterprise Asset Management
Function area of SAP ERP, for maintaining technical assets.

6. Enterprise Asset Management (in the wider sense)
Totality of all the lifecycle phases of an asset (investment planning,
project management, vendor selection, project execution, maintenance,
external procurement, shutdown, performance management).
Mapping the entire lifecycle of a technical asset can be achieved by
combining the respective function areas of SAP ERP.

Regards,
Yayan Irianto.